EFFECTS OF COVID 19 IN THE HEART


People with pre-existing heart disease are a high risk for developing severe cardiac and respiratory complications. So, the people who are in this category are advised to continue to take all prescribed heart medications, to prevent serious complications. Myocardial injury is one of the important features of COVID 19 in the heart, In these patients, the biomarkers will be significantly elevated(Troponin I&T). The exact mechanism of myocardial injury is unclear. SARS CoV 2 Anchors on the transmembrane of ACE2 to enter in the host cell leading to inflammation and multi-organ failure. Proposed mechanism of myocardial injury is damage to the cardiomyocytes, systemic inflammation, Myocardial interstitial fibrosis,interferon-mediated immune response, hypoxia, plaque instability.

  •         SYSTOLIC DYSFUNCTION: Systemic inflammation and immune cell activation leading to the release of cytokine(cytokine storm), the heart can not able to pump blood to the peripheral part of our body that leads to the endothelial dysfunction in the vessels leads to apoptosis of myocardial cells
  •         The virus causes systemic inflammatory response causing plaque instability (pre-existing CAD) leads to Type I Anterior myocardial infarction(Heart Attack)
  •         Due to the increase, inflammatory response heart pumps faster due to the increase in the sympathetic stimulation. In this condition, the heart needs more oxygen but that cant is met now that leads to ischemia(insufficient blood supply) that causes cardiotoxicity. Damage of cardiocytes will occur in this condition. So this is the reason for the occurrence of myocarditis in the type II MI patients. Myocarditis finally leads to Heart failure if not diagnosed ends up in shock
  •         MYOCARDIAL HYPERTROPHY: Heart can not able to resist the peripheral vascular resistance overtime
  •         CARDIOGENIC SHOCK
  •         ARRHYTHMIAS

RISK FACTORS:





DIAGNOSIS TEST FINDINGS:

ECG: In MERS CoV the 12 lead ECG generally shows diffuse T wave inversion where there is myocardial involvement, this can be dynamic. Changes in COVID 19  were also described

ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY: May show global or regional myocardial systolic dysfunction with or without pericardial effusion and vice versa

Maintain regular exercises and healthy diet. It's a very riskier condition to go outside during this COVID pandemic who are going in the gym for exercises so, we have to find alternative exercises to maintain good healthy habits


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