CORONARY ANGIOGRAM VIEWS -Introduction to coronary angiogram

CORONARY ANGIOGRAM VIEWS:


A coronary angiogram is the x-ray pictures of the coronary arteries obtained from cardiac catheterization procedure. Cardiac catheterization is the process of insertion of catheters. The first right heart catheterization was performed by Werner frossman in 1929 he inserted a catheter in his own body. The procedure Coronary angiogram helps to visualise coronary arteries, Using this process we can detect coronary artery stenosis, calcification, anomalous origin of various branches etc. In case if the patient has chronic total occlusion the coronary angiogram views should be very clear as possible by opacifying the contralateral artery and collaterals. The angiographic projections which are used for visualising the coronary angiographic views are PA or AP Projection, LAO Position, RAO Position, Cranial and caudal tilt. In the PA view, the image intensifier is directly over the patient. In the LAO projection, the image intensifier is on the left side and in the RAO projection image intensifier is on the right side of the patient. In the cranial tilt, the image intensifier is tilted towards the head or cranium of the patient and in the caudal view, the image intensifier is tilted towards the foot of the patient. There are no universal angles used for visualising the coronary arteries. For visualising the right coronary artery we have to engage the catheter in the right coronary cusp of the aorta. By pushing and pulling motion this helps to move down the catheter to the right coronary artery. Mainly the views which are using for the right coronary arteries are AP Cranial view, Lateral view, RAO view, LAO Cranial view. In the lateral view, we can see the origin of RCA and LAO cranial view helps to visualise the PDA bifurcation, Origin of RCA. In the RAO view, the PDA and posterolateral arteries and middle segment of the right coronary arteries can be visualised. The views which we are commonly using for visualising the left main coronary artery are PA caudal, LAO cranial, RAO caudal, LAO caudal,RAO cranial and lateral view.

CORONARY ANGIOGRAM PROJECTIONS



coronary angiogram views
CAUDAL:


coronary angiogram views
CRANIAL:




coronary angiogram views




RAO 45



LAO 45 CAU 15





AP PROJECTION




RAO 30



LAO 55/60


LAO 55 CRA20


LEFT LATERAL PROJECTION




RAO 120 CRA 10


coronary angiogram views

You can also refer the topic in this link
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FSZXJyF2Yas






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